JPEG: Good at getting images from the internet in good quality but isn't good at printing or in animation. Jpeg stands for joint photographic experts group. JPEG is a lossy compression file.
GIF: Stands for The Graphics Interchange Format, Gif is brilliant for animation and simple fonts and also graphics. But isn't good for quality pictures or photographs. GIF is a loss less compression file.
PNG: Stands for Portable Network Graphics, which is very good for many colours and is excellent and supporting quality photographs. PNG is a Loss less data compression file.
TIFF: Tagged Image File Format, this is good for storing images and fine art, although it isn't good for displaying images online. Tiff is a loss less compression file.
SVG: Stands for Scalable Vector Graphics, is a family of specifications of XML-based file format for describing two-dimensional vector graphics, both static and moving.
Raster Graphics vs Vector Graphics: Raster supports bitmap images which are bigger files but are less quality for example when zoomed in you can see the pixels all blurry were as a vector graphic is much better quality here are some examples

Vector graphics:
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